“A golden heritage gifted to world civilization”

Paper is one of humanity’s greatest inventions, holding immense significance in the development of writing culture, science, and enlightenment. Thanks to this invention, historical memory was preserved, knowledge was passed from generation to generation, and human thought was elevated to a new level.

Even though hundreds of paper types are produced around the world today, there is a special kind of paper that holds a unique place in history valued not only as a craft but as a cultural treasure. This is Samarkand paper.

The history of paper and Samarkand’s role

In ancient times, writing was done on stone, bone, clay, and parchment. However, this changed in the 8th century CE: after the Battle of Talas in 751, Chinese artisans were captured and brought to Samarkand, bringing with them the secret of papermaking. Local craftsmen combined this knowledge with their own techniques, producing a durable, high-quality paper from textile rags that was convenient for writing.

Samarkand paper quickly conquered the markets of both East and West. In the medieval period, types such as “Samarkand Sultan Paper,” “Samarkand Silk Paper”, “Mir Ibrohimi”, and “Nimkanop Paper” were produced. They became famous for their durability, variety of colors, and special surface treatment. Calligraphers especially valued “ohor muhrali” paper, as it allowed mistakes to be easily corrected.

Role in the spread of knowledge

Thousands of manuscripts were copied on Samarkand paper. Not only books but also important works in science, poetry, religion, and law were written on it. Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi praised it, saying:

“Khorezm bows, Shash pottery, and Samarkand paper were unmatched.”

Its place in the Center of Islamic Civilization

Today, Samarkand paper holds a prominent place in the pre-Islamic era section of the Center of Islamic Civilization’s exhibition in Tashkent. Visitors can learn about the process of papermaking, its history, and its role in the progress of human civilization.

Samarkand paper — a world heritage

Samarkand paper is not just a craft product; it is one of the foundations of our science, culture, and historical memory. Its creation, development, and dissemination are among humanity’s great achievements in its pursuit of knowledge. Even today, Samarkand paper is celebrated not only in museums but also as part of the world’s ancient and greatest cultural heritage.

Durdona Rasulova

P/S: The article may be used with reference to the official website of the Center.